Psychological effect of physical function dependence on maintenance hemodialysis patients and their primary family caregivers / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the psychological effect of physical function dependence on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and their primary family caregivers. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey. The MHD patients in the hemodialysis centre, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from March 2022 to June 2022 were enrolled. The patients' demographics and laboratory data were collected. Katz and Lawton-Brody questionnaires were used to assess patients' physical function, and Five Item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) was used to evaluate the psychological conditions of the patients and their primary family caregivers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of MHI-5 scores of the patients and their primary family caregivers. Results: A total of 116 patients were included, with 61 males and 55 females. There were 47 patients (40.5%) with physical function dependence. In the physical function dependence group, serum albumin (t=-2.512, P=0.013), MHI-5 scores of patients and their primary family caregivers (t=-8.461, P < 0.001; t=-8.533, P < 0.001) and male ratio (χ2=8.467, P=0.002) were significantly lower, and the age (t=9.754, P < 0.001) and the proportions of hypertension (χ2=20.421, P < 0.001), diabetes (χ2=10.470, P=0.002), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (χ2=9.898, P=0.003) were significantly higher than those in the normal physical function group. The incidence of mental disorders in MHD patients was 39.7%(46/116), and the incidence of mental disorders in the physical function dependence group was significantly higher than that in the normal physical function group [72.3%(34/47) vs. 17.4%(12/69), χ2=35.275, P < 0.001]. The incidence of mental disorders in the primary family caregivers was 32.8%(38/116), and the incidence of mental disorders in the primary family caregivers of physical function dependence group was significantly higher than that in the normal physical function group [66.0%(31/47) vs. 10.1%(7/69), χ2=39.536, P < 0.001]. The incidence of mental disorders in the primary family caregivers of MHD patients who were not spouses was significantly higher than that of spouses [46.0%(29/63) vs. 17.0%(9/53), χ2=11.028, P=0.001], and in physical function dependence group, the incidence of mental disorders in non-spouses was significantly higher than that in spouses [80.6%(25/31) vs. 37.5%(6/16), χ2=8.749, P=0.003]. Multiple linear analysis showed that bathing (β=-5.182, P=0.015), doing laundry (β=-7.053, P < 0.001), taking medication (β=-8.680, P=0.003), and female patients (β=-2.982, P=0.030) were the influencing factors of MHI-5 scores decline in MHD patients. Bathing (β=-4.404, P=0.032), preparing meals (β=-3.954, P=0.041), managing money (β=-5.067, P=0.021), and female patients (β=-2.466, P=0.042) were the influencing factors of MHI-5 scores decline in primary family caregivers. Conclusions: The incidence of physical function dependence in MHD patients is high, and its manifestations and influencing factors are diverse. The incidence of mental disorders in MHD patients and their primary family caregivers is also high, especially in patients with physical function dependence and non- spouse family caregivers. Clinicians should pay attention to and assess the physical function dependence of MHD patients as early as possible, and intervene in time. At the same time, they should also pay attention to the mental health of MHD patients and their primary family caregivers.

Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoid New Psychoactive Substances 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a method that combines a series of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectrum （FTIR）, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR） for identification of unknown substances. Methods The unknown samples （off-white powder and yellow crystal） seized in the actual cases were detected by FTIR, GC-MS （methanol as solvent）, high resolution mass spectrometry （methanol as solvent） and NMR （deuterated methanol as solvent）. Results The mass spectrum characteristic ions m/z of the main components in the samples measured by GC-MS were 219 （base peak）, 363, 307, 304, 275, 145, 131 and 213 （base peak）, 357, 301, 298, 269, 185, 171, 145 and 131, respectively. The accurate mass numbers [M+H]+ measured by high resolution mass spectrometry were 364.203 61 and 358.212 34, respectively. The unknown samples were identified as synthetic cannabinoid new psychoactive substances 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA after data consultation and database retrieval and comparison, combined with infrared analysis and mass spectrometry data analysis, and their structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR. Conclusion The established multi-technology joint identification method can be used to identify 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA in unknown samples. This method is fast, convenient, accurate, reliable and practical, and can provide reference for the identification of cases involving such substances in the future.

Correlation analysis of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) growth hormone gene polymorphisms and growth traits

Screening of trait-associated molecular markers can be used to enhance the efficiency of selective breeding. Previously, we produced the first high-density genetic linkage map for the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and identified 11 quantitative-trait loci significantly associated with growth, of which one is located within the growth hormone (GH) gene. To investigate the GH gene polymorphisms and their correlation with growth, the complete sequence was cloned and 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one simple-sequence repeat (SSR)were identified. Of which, eight SNPs (G1–G8) and the SSR (GH-AG)were selected for genotyping and correlation analysis with growth traits in a random population. The results showed that the four novel polymorphicloci (G1, G2, G3 and GH-AG) were significantly correlated with growth traits of mandarin fish (P < 0.05). Of these, G1, G3 and GH-AG showed highly significant correlations with multiple growth traits (P < 0.01) and the combined SNP analysis showed that G1–G3 formed four effective diplotypes (D1–D4), among which D1 was highly significantly greater than D4 (P < 0.01) for some important growth traits. In conclusion, our results show that the four polymorphic loci G1–G3 and GH-AG within the mandarin fish GH gene are significantly correlated with growth traits and could be used as candidate molecular markers for selective breedingof superior varieties of mandarin fish.

Analysis of the mortality trend of female reproductive system cancer in China from 2004 to 2016 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To describe and analyze the level and variation trend of mortality of female genital malignancies in China from 2004 to 2016, so as to provide scientific evidence for the formulation and implementation of cancer prevention and control measures.Methods The mortality data of cervical cancer, corpus cancer and ovarian cancer were selected from the mortality monitoring data of the national disease monitoring system, the crude mortality and standardized mortality rates were calculated respectively, the annual change trend was analyzed by Joinpoint software.Results From 2004 to 2016, the mortality rate of cervical cancer in Chinese women increased significantly. The mortality trend obviously accelerated after 2011(annual percent change, APC = 13.7%), and the mortality rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The mortality rate of corpus cancer was relatively stable, and showed a downward trend after 2013(APC=-23.5%). Ovarian cancer mortality rate slightly increased, but the death trend was not statistically significant.Conclusions From 2004 to 2016, the mortality of corpus cancer in Chinese women had improved, the mortality of cervical cancer was still relatively serious, and there were differences between urban and rural areas.

Identification of the New Psychoactive Substance Dibutylone / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a method to identify unknown samples based on combined use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, high resolution mass spectrometry （HRMS） and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum （NMR） technique. Methods The unknown samples were dissolved in methanol solution containing internal standard SKF525A and detected by GC-MS and HRMS. The mixed samples were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and then dissolved in methanol-d4 solution for structural analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H NMR）. Results The characteristic fragment ions （m/z） were 86.1 （base peak）, 71.2, 121.1, and 149.0, and the accurate mass number of molecular ion peak was measured by HRMS to be 236.128 89. By combined use of data analysis and database comparison, a new psychoactive substance of the cathinone class, Dibutylone, was detected in the sample, and the sample also contained a small amount of caffeine. The sample was purified, then identified using 1H NMR, and was further confirmed to be Dibutylone. In addition, the GC-MS retention time and characteristic fragment ions of the main components of the sample were consistent with those of Dibutylone reference material. Conclusion The method established in this study can be used for the identification of Dibutylone in mixed samples.

Establishment of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for detecting human cardiac troponin I / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Two anti-human cardiac troponin I(cTnI)monoclonal antibodies were prepared to establish Luminol chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay.Methods: Obtaining ascites monoclonal antibody was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and protein G affinity chromatography column, and their specificity was identified by SDS-PAGE and ELISA methods.Luminol chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay was successfully established,which was used to detect 30 clinical serum samples.Results:Two antibodies named Ab1 and Ab3 could recognize different forms of cTnI including cTn I monomers,cTn I-C complexes and cTn I-T-C complexes.Both Ab1 and Ab3 are IgG1.The titers of the Ab1 and the Ab3 were up to 1:800 000 and 1:400 000,respectively.The affinity constants of Ab1 and Ab3 were 1.62×109L/mol and 2.60×108L/mol,respectively.The detection range of Lumino chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay established by two monoclonal antibodies was 6.25 ng/ml to 400 ng/ml. Detecting 30 clinical samples attained the positive detection rate of 77.3% and the negative detection rate of 100%.Conclusion:The chemilu minescence enzyme immunoassay has been established to detect different forms of cTn I including cTn I monomer,cTn I-C complexes and cTn I-T-C complexes,which has better practicality.

Application Progress of Dehydrating Agent in Acute Spinal Cord Injury(review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Acute spinal cord injury(ASCI)can be divided into primary injury and secondary injury.Spinal cord edema is important for the development of secondary injury after ASCI.Spinal cord edema can be mainly divided into cytotoxic edema and angioedema.The application of dehydrating agents in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury is obvious.This article de-scribed the application of mannitol,hypertonic saline,glycerol fructose,furosemide,human serum albumin,resveratrol and other dehydrating agents in the treatment of ASCI.

Experimental study on the pancreatic cancer G1/S phase arrest byβ2-adrenergic antagonist / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effects of β2-adrenergic antagonist ICI118 ,551 on pancreatic cancer cell G1/S phase arrest and its action mechanism .Methods The cell cycle indexes were determined by the flow cytometry assay ;the expressions of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E were analyzed by Western blot ;the activation of NF-κB was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay ;the proliferation of PanCa cells was determined by BALB/c athymic nude mice subrenal capsular assay .Results β2-adrenergic antagonist ICI118 ,551 significantly induced G1/S phase arrest compared with β1-adrenergic antagonist metoprolol in MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cell lines .ICI118 ,551 inhibited the expressions of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E and reduced the activation of NF-κB .The proliferation of PanCa cells was strongly suppressed in the renal capsule xenografts in mice after ICI 118 ,551 treatment .Conclusion The blockage ofβ2-adrenoceptor markedly induces PanCa cells to arrest at G1/S phase and inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells .

Advances in NMDA receptors-related antidepressants / 中国药理学通报

Recent studies have demonstrated that ketamine , an N-methyl-D-aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist , can pro-duce rapid and effective antidepressant actions , especially for patients with treatment-resistant depression , bipolar disorder and suicide idea.However, the clinical application of ketamine is limited by its psychotomimetic adverse reactions and potential a-buse.Therefore, development of novel ketamine-like antidepres-sant agents with fewer side effects is actively investigated currently.The latest researches indicate that the metabolites of ket-amine, the S-ketamine/R-ketamine and the modulators of NM-DA receptor subunits can exert safe and effective antidepressant actions.In this article, the research advance in NMDA recep-tors-related antidepressants mentioned above will be reviewed .

Acute Fornix Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism in Aged Mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>A beneficial memory effect of acute fornix deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been reported in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute changes in glucose metabolism induced by fornix DBS.</p><p><b>Methods</b>First, the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition memory test were used to confirm declined memory in aged mice (C57BL/6, 20-22 months old). Then, four groups of mice were used as follows: aged mice with stimulation (n = 12), aged mice with sham-stimulation (n = 8), adult mice (3-4 months old) with stimulation (n = 12), and adult mice with sham-stimulation (n = 8). Ipsilateral hippocampal glucose metabolism and glutamate levels were measured in vivo by microdialysis before, during, and after fornix DBS treatment. Histological staining was used to verify the localization of electrodes and mice with inaccurate placement were excluded from subsequent analyses. The effects of fornix DBS on extracellular glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate levels over time were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Fisher's least significant difference post hoc test.</p><p><b>Results</b>The aged mice had a higher basal lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) and lactate/glucose ratio (LGR) than the adult mice (LPR: 0.34 ± 0.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02, t = 4.626, P < 0.0001; LGR: 6.06 ± 0.59 vs. 4.14 ± 0.36, t = 2.823, P < 0.01). Fornix DBS decreased the ipsilateral hippocampal pyruvate and lactate levels (P < 0.05), but the glucose levels were not obviously changed in aged mice. Similarly, the LGR and LPR also decreased in aged mice after fornix DBS treatment (P < 0.05). Glucose metabolism in adult mice was not significantly influenced by fornix DBS. In addition, fornix DBS significantly decreased the ipsilateral hippocampal extracellular levels of glutamate in aged mice (P < 0.05), while significant alterations were not found in the adult mice.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The present study provides experimental evidence that fornix DBS could significantly improve hippocampal glucose metabolism in aged mice by promoting cellular aerobic respiration activity.</p>

Postischemic Housing Environment on Cerebral Metabolism and Neuron Apoptosis after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of different housing environments in neurological function,cerebral metabolism,cerebral infarction and neuron apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia.Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (CG) and cerebral ischemia group,and the latter was further divided into subgroups of different housing conditions:standard environment (SE) subgroup,individual living environment (IE) subgroup,and enriched environment (EE) subgroup.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Beam walking test was used to quantify the changes of overall motor function.Cerebral infarction and cerebral metabolism were studied by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and 1H-magnetic resonance spectra,respectively.Neuron necrosis and apoptosis were detected by hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining methods,respectively.The results showed that performance on the beam-walk test was improved in EE subgroup when compared to SE subgroup and IE subgroup.Cerebral infarct volume in IE subgroup was significantly larger than that in SE subgroup (P＜0.05) and EE subgroup (P＜0.05) on day 14 after MCAO.NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios were lower in MCAO groups under different housing conditions as compared to those in CG (P＜0.05).NAA/Cr ratio was lower in IE subgroup (P＜0.05) and higher in EE subgroup (P＜0.05) than that in SE subgroup.NAA/Cr ratio in EE was significantly higher than that in IE subgroup (P＜0.05).Cho/Cr ratio was decreased in MCAO groups as compared to that in CG (P＜0.05).A significant decrease in normal neurons in cerebral cortex was observed in MCAO groups as compared to CG (P＜0.05).The amount of normal neurons was less in IE subgroup (P＜0.05),and more in EE subgroup (P＜0.05) than that in SE subgroup after MCAO.The amount of normal neurons in EE subgroup was significantly more than that in IE subgroup after MCAO (P＜0.05).The ratio of TUNEL-positive neurons in EE was significantly lower than that in SE subgroup (P＜0.05) and IE subgroup (P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the beam walking test was negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.05).Cerebral infarct volume was negatively correlated with both NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.01) and Cho/Cr ratio (P＜0.01).The amount of normal cortical neurons was positively correlated with both NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.01) and Cho/Cr ratio (P＜0.05).The TUNEL-positive neurons showed a negative correlation with both NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.01) and Cho/Cr ratio (P＜0.01).This study goes further to show that EE may improve neurological functional deficit and cerebral metabolism,decrease cerebral infarct volume,neuron necrosis and apoptosis,while IE may aggravate brain damage after MCAO.

Postischemic Housing Environment on Cerebral Metabolism and Neuron Apoptosis after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of different housing environments in neurological function,cerebral metabolism,cerebral infarction and neuron apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia.Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (CG) and cerebral ischemia group,and the latter was further divided into subgroups of different housing conditions:standard environment (SE) subgroup,individual living environment (IE) subgroup,and enriched environment (EE) subgroup.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Beam walking test was used to quantify the changes of overall motor function.Cerebral infarction and cerebral metabolism were studied by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and 1H-magnetic resonance spectra,respectively.Neuron necrosis and apoptosis were detected by hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining methods,respectively.The results showed that performance on the beam-walk test was improved in EE subgroup when compared to SE subgroup and IE subgroup.Cerebral infarct volume in IE subgroup was significantly larger than that in SE subgroup (P＜0.05) and EE subgroup (P＜0.05) on day 14 after MCAO.NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios were lower in MCAO groups under different housing conditions as compared to those in CG (P＜0.05).NAA/Cr ratio was lower in IE subgroup (P＜0.05) and higher in EE subgroup (P＜0.05) than that in SE subgroup.NAA/Cr ratio in EE was significantly higher than that in IE subgroup (P＜0.05).Cho/Cr ratio was decreased in MCAO groups as compared to that in CG (P＜0.05).A significant decrease in normal neurons in cerebral cortex was observed in MCAO groups as compared to CG (P＜0.05).The amount of normal neurons was less in IE subgroup (P＜0.05),and more in EE subgroup (P＜0.05) than that in SE subgroup after MCAO.The amount of normal neurons in EE subgroup was significantly more than that in IE subgroup after MCAO (P＜0.05).The ratio of TUNEL-positive neurons in EE was significantly lower than that in SE subgroup (P＜0.05) and IE subgroup (P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the beam walking test was negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.05).Cerebral infarct volume was negatively correlated with both NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.01) and Cho/Cr ratio (P＜0.01).The amount of normal cortical neurons was positively correlated with both NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.01) and Cho/Cr ratio (P＜0.05).The TUNEL-positive neurons showed a negative correlation with both NAA/Cr ratio (P＜0.01) and Cho/Cr ratio (P＜0.01).This study goes further to show that EE may improve neurological functional deficit and cerebral metabolism,decrease cerebral infarct volume,neuron necrosis and apoptosis,while IE may aggravate brain damage after MCAO.

Simultaneous determination of seven constituents in Chuanbei Luohan Zhike Granules by HPLC-ELSD / 中成药

AIM To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous content determination of euscaphic acid,tormentic acid,crategolic acid,corosolic acid,platycodin E,platycodin D3 and platycodin D in Chuanbei Luohan Zhike Granules (Fritillariae cirrhosae Bulbus,Eriobotryae Folium,Platycodonis Radix,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 60％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Ultimate XB C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.5％ ammonium acetate flowing at 0.6 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 96.99％-99.78％ with the RSDs of 0.72％-1.72％.CONCLUSION This accurate,simple,specific and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Chuanbei Luohan Zhike Granules.

Design of high-speed data acquisition system for very high frequency medical ultrasonic echo signals / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a high-speed data acquisition system for very high frequency medical ultrasonic echo signals. Methods The chip LTC2285 with two integrated ADC channels was adopted to realize analog-to-digital conversion of ultrasonic echo signals. The sampling rate was 120 MHz. The converted digital signals were then input to the FPGA to realize parallel to serial conversion, and high-speed digital signals with a sampling rate of 240 MHz were obtained. Finally, the data were transferred through USB interface to the computer terminal to display. Results A timing simulation experiment, a resolution detection experiment, and an in vivo experiment of normal human eyes were carried out in this system. A preferable simulation result and real-time image were obtained. Conclusion The multi-channel and FPGA technology are used in the design of the system. Lastly, this technology simplifies the overall design of the system and improves the speed and reliability of the high speed data acquisition system.

Effects of Family Cohesion and Child-Teacher Dependency on Children's Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Behaviors at one Year after Kindergarten Entry / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To explore the effects of family cohesion and child-teacher dependency on children's attention-deficit/hy?peractivity behaviors at one year after their kindergarten entry.[Methods]Based on a cohort of 7465 first-year preschoolers in Long?hua district of Shenzhen in 2014,the information about social-demographic characteristics,family cohesion(assessed with Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version)were collected from their primary-caregivers at kindergarten entry. The teacher rating scores of child-teacher dependency(assessed with Student-Teacher Relationship Scale)and parental rating scores of attention-deficit/hyperac?tivity behaviors(assessed with Conners'Parent Symptom Questionnaire)were examined at one year after their kindergarten entry. Lo?gistic regression were performed to analyze the relationship and interaction between family cohesion and child-teacher dependency in attention-deficit/hyperactivity behaviors,after adjusting for potential confounders.[Results]Children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity behaviors at one year after kindergarten entry were negatively associated with family cohesion (OR=0.85,95% CI=0.75~0.97,P=0.01),but were not significantly associated with child-teacher dependency(OR=1.00,95%CI=0.93~1.08,P=0.98). Furthermore, family cohesion moderated the impact of child-teacher dependency on children ' s attention-deficit/hyperactivity behaviors at one year after kindergarten entry(OR=0.96,95% CI=0.92~0.99,P=0.03). In addition,neither family cohesion(OR=1.08,95%CI=0.88~1.34,P=0.47)nor child-teacher dependency(OR=1.03,95%CI=0.93~1.15,P=0.53)could protect preschoolers from persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity behaviors in the first year of kindergarten.[Conclusion]The association of child-teacher dependency and onset of attention-deficit/hyperactivity behaviors is modified by the level of family cohesion in preschool children.

Therapeutic effects of extract of Albizia chinensis(Osbeck)Merr. on rats with acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and anti-inflammatory mechanism / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the anti-ulcer effects of Albizia chinensis(Osbeck)Merr. extract on rats with acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods Wistar male rats(n=50)were randomized in-to five groups:control,model,famotidine,Albizia chinensis extract 100 and 200 mg/kg groups. In the experiment,30%acetic acid was used to induce chronic gastric ulcer in rats. The anti-ulcer effects of A. chinensis extract were evaluated by measuring the changes in general behavior of rats,gastric tissue morphology and the ulcer area after 12 d treatments. Wistar male rats(n=48)were random-ized into three groups:control,model and A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)groups. At 3 d after operation,the animals were sacrificed and stomachs were rapidly removed and processed for subsequent assays. The contents of TNF-αand IL-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)was tested by o-dianisidine method. Furthermore Western blot was used to examine the phos-phorylation of P38 and JNK. Results Compared with the model group,the gastric ulcer areas of rats were reduced by 38.4%(P<0.05)and the activity of MPO declined by 37.3%(P<0.01)in A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)group. Meanwhile the contents of TNF-αand IL-6 in A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)group respectively decreased by 43.8%(P<0.01)and 32.7%(P<0.01)com-pared with the model group. A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)obviously suppresed the phosphorylation of P38(P<0.01),but phos-phorylation of JNK and expression of P38 and JNK remained nearly unaltered. Conclusion A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)exhibits a protective effect on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer,which might be relevant to anti-inflammation by inhibiting the p38 sig-naling pathway but not JNK signaling pathway. A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)has no effect on JNK signaling pathway.

Developmental toxicity of trichloroisocyanuric acid on zebrafish embryos and larvae / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the developmental toxicity of a new disinfectant trichloroiso-cyanuric acid (TCCA) on zebrafish embryos and larvae. METHODS Zebrafish embryos of 2 h post fertilization (hpf) were exposed to TCCA:①The embryos were exposed to a culture medium containing TCCA 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg·L-1 for 48 h before 50%lethal concentration (LC50) was calcu-lated. ② The embryos were exposed to a culture medium containing TCCA 0, 10.4, 20.8 and 41.7 mg · L-1 for 96 h. The mortality, malformation rate and heart rate of embryos and larvae were measured at 48, 72 and 96 h after TCCA exposure. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected at 2, 4 and 6 h after TCCA exposure. The pathological changes in the head of zebrafish larvae were observed 7 d after exposure by HE staining. RESULTS LC50 of 48 h after TCCA exposure was 166.9 mg · L-1. Compared with normal control group, the mortality and malformation rate of zebrafish embryos were significantly increased (P<0.05) in TCCA 41.7 mg · L-1 group, but the heart rate was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in each dose of TCCA group at 96 h after TCCA exposure. At 72 h after TCCA exposure, the mortality rate of zebrafish embryos was significantly increased (P<0.05) in TCCA 41.7 mg·L-1 group, the malformation rate of zebrafish embryos was increased (P<0.05) and the heart rate of zebrafish embryos was decreased (P<0.05) in 20.8 and 41.7 mg · L-1 groups. At 48 h after TCCA exposure, the heart rate of zebrafish embryos was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in 41.7 mg · L-1 group. The SOD activity of zebrafish embryos in 20.8 and 41.7 mg · L-1 groups was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). At 7 d after exposure, the brain and ocular space of larvae were enlarged and the ocular retina layers were not obvious in any dose of TCCA groups. CONCLUSION TCCA has toxic effect on zebrafish embryonic development, which can down-regulate SOD activity in the early developmental stage of embryos and damage the retina tissue of larvae.

Correlation between Residual Strength of Neck and Shoulder Muscles and Respiratory Function in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the correlation between residual strength of neck and shoulder muscles and respiratory function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury.Methods From January,2015 to June,2016,the muscle strength of sternocleidomastoid,trapezius and deltoid was tested in 30 patients with cervical spinal cord injury five and 24 weeks after injury.Meanwhile,their neurological and pul-monary function was evaluated.Results There was correlation between the vital capacity and muscle strength of deltoid both five and 24 weeks after injury(r>0.806,P<0.05)in the patients intermittent without ventilation,and it was found in sense score five weeks after injury (r=0.914,P<0.01),motor score(r=0.979,P<0.001)and the muscle strength of trapezius(r=0.894,P<0.01)24 weeks after injury.Conclu-sion The residual strength of neck and shoulder muscles,especially of deltoid,plays an important role in the respiratory function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury.

Study on interventions based on urban-rural integration system construc-tion to consolidate achievements of schistosomiasis control in hilly schistoso-miasis endemic areas / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the effectiveness of comprehensive schistosomiasis control interventions based on urban-rural integration system construction to carry out the schistosomiasis control in hilly schistosomiasis endemic areas ,so as to offer a new mode to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control in the new situation. Methods Shouan Town and Changqiu Township in Pujiang County in hilly schistosomiasis endemic regions were selected as demonstration areas. The com-prehensive schistosomiasis control interventions based on urban-rural integration system construction were implemented ,includ-ing the land consolidation,centralized residence and so on. The effectiveness the interventions was evaluated. Results In Shouan Town and Changqiu Township,the transformed environments with Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats were 1330.61 hm2 and 1456.84 hm2,the areas with snails decreased from 94.31 hm2 and 83.00 hm2 in 2000 to both 0 in 2015,the positive rates of serological tests for schistosomiasis decreased from 11.8%and 7.53%in 2000 to 1.01%and 1.86%in 2015,and the pos-itive rates of parasitological tests decreased from 0.18%and 0.15%in 2000 to both 0 in 2015 respectively. The numbers of cattle decreased from 358 and 368 in 2000 to 4 and 6 in 2015 respectively. In 2000,the schistosome infection rates of cattle were 3.63%and 6.51%in Shouan Town and Changqiu Township respectively,and from 2004,no infected cattle were found. Conclu-sion The comprehensive schistosomiasis control interventions based on urban-rural integration system construction can de-crease the schistosome infection rate and area with snails effectively,providing a new mode for schistosomiasis elimination.

Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative surgical site infections in patients with colorectal cancer / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of PNI in surgical site infections (SSIs) for colorectal cancer patients undergoing enterectomies.Methods:A retrospective review of 332 colorectal cancer patients who underwent colorectal surgery between 2014 and 2015 was performed.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for SSIs,and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cure was used to quantify the effectiveness of PNI.Results:SSIs were diagnosed in 43 (12.1％) patients,with incisional infection or deep incisional infection in 36 patients and organ/space infection in 7 patients.ROC curve analysis defined a PNI cut-off level of 48 corresponding to postoperative SSIs (area under the curve [AUC] =0.763,78.1 ％ sensitivity,62.7 ％ specificity).Furthermore,a multivariate analysis indicated that operation time ≥ 3 h (OR=3.42,95 ％ CI:1.22-8.78,P =0.04) and PNI ＜ 48 (OR=2.35,95％ CI:1.20-4.53,P =0.03) were independently associated with postoperative SSIs.Conclusion:Preoperative PNI is a simple and useful marker to predict SSIs in colorectal cancer patients after enterectomies.